Motivation

  

                                                          

Leo Tolstoy said: "Happiness is not always what you want, but always what you want." A system of encouragement that encourages a person to do what is necessary and derive pleasure from it is called motivation. Motivation is a dynamic process of a person's physical nature, which controls a person's psyche and manifests itself on both emotional and behavioral levels. In this article, we will explore what motivation is and how it is formed.

Self Development

What is Motivation?

Schopenhaver first talked about inspiration. Today, this concept is the subject of research by psychologists, sociologists and teachers. However, not a single definition of motivation exists yet. There are several hypotheses that, based on scientific research, try to describe the phenomenon of motivation and answer questions:

In the definition of motivation, scientists are divided into several groups. Earlier representatives of them believe that intrinsic motivation plays a major role. Intrinsic motivation means innate and acquired factors that govern human behavior. Another group of scientists believe that external factors that affect a person from the environment are the main sources of inspiration. The third is the personality's basic motives and their tendency to be spontaneous and acquired. The fourth group explores the very essence of motivation as the leading cause, towards achieving a particular goal, or as a source of energy required for activities controlled by other factors, such as habit.

Most scientists consider motivation to be a system that combines internal factors and external stimuli that determine human behavior. The motivation system includes the following factors: Action vector. Purpose, stability, concentration and organization of action. Activity and assertiveness. Goals of sustainability. -

Theory of Motivation.

Today, there is a large number of motivations that are impossible to classify according to a criterion. Taking into account the various factors that influence behavior, the following theories of motivation are most discussed: innate and psychoanalytic theories, behaviorist, cognitive, developmental theories.

The intuitive theory is based on the teachings of McDougall, which looks at the basis of learning in the instinct and tendency that drives human activity, and they can explain various forms of social behavior. According to McDougall, the basic tendency is migration, rejection, combat ability, self-humiliation, fertility, sociability, acquisition, which together with emotions form the driving force. Woodworth linked the instinct to the need of bodily needs (principle) such as hunger, thirst, sleep instinct, maternal instinct, and the desire to meet the needs of the body and get into a state of homeostasis.

Psychoanalytic theory is based on Freud's teaching. According to psychoanalysts, motivation is unconscious and we cannot consciously control our behavior or decisions, let alone motive.

Learning Motivation Theory.

In the educational system, when we talk about motivation, we usually refer to the objectives that trigger activities such as intrinsic motivation or external encouragement to achieve a goal, that is, we internal and external motivation let's talk about.

Extrinsic or extrinsic motivation is determined by the situation when the student tries and strives to achieve something he or she cares about, and is not thrilled with the activity, but factors such as praise, promise, evaluation, status with. Sources of external motives are found in the social and personal needs of the child, such as duty and obligation, perspective and sense of self-improvement, some goodness, gaining prestige, avoiding discomfort. Within external motivation, it should be noted positive reinforcements and punishments that dictate students' behavior within the teaching process. In the form of positive reinforcement in teaching are: attention, kindness, approval, praise, reward, smile, play, computer work, performance experiments.

Motive, Goal and Need

One of the major concepts of philosophy is the notion of which it is intended. Scientists also perceive it differently as an inspiration in different theories. Motive is a conditional ideal object whose achievement is guided by the person's activity. However, it does not have to be of a physical nature. A person can understand a motive in two ways. On the one hand, it is a type of experience that can be called a positive expectation of attaining the object of need. And on the other hand, negative emotions that arise as a result of current affairs dissatisfaction or partial dissatisfaction. To stand out and achieve a certain objective, one must do serious internal work.

Leontaev and S. Rubinstein gave the simplest motive in activity theory. According to scientists, the motive is the person's "objectified" (mentally plotted) needs. Fundamentally, purpose is different from concepts such as need and purpose. The subject has a subliminal desire to resolve the currently existing discomfort. And the goal is the desired result of conscious targeted actions. For example, hunger works as a natural need, the motive is the desire to eat food, and the goal is a specific food. After knowing what motivations and motives are, we consider types of motivation. In modern psychology, there are some classifications of motivation. We will talk about each of them separately. -

Positive and Negative

Positive motivation is based on expectations and encouragement of a positive nature, and negative - vice versa. Structures such as: "If I take this action, I will get a reward" and "If I do not take this action, I will be" rewarded "as an example of positive motivation. Examples of negative motivation are such decisions. There may be, "If I don't, they won't punish me" and "If I do, they won't punish me." In other words, positive reinforcement is expected in the first case, and in the second. negative reinforcement.

Self Development.

This type of motivation is based on the person's desire to develop existing talents, natural abilities or qualities. From Abraham Maslow's point of view, motivation for self-development forces a person to do everything possible to develop his or her abilities to feel qualified in a certain area. Self-development enables a person to realize his or her own importance and needs self-performance - understanding the present.

    Furthermore, this type of motivation requires courage, determination and courage to overcome the fear of losing stability and comfort. People tend to cling to past achievements and discard them, which often becomes a major obstacle to further development. Walking on the path of self-development, a person prefers to leave peace in favor of the desire to become better. According to Maslow, self-development is possible only when each step forward brings more satisfaction than previous achievements. Despite internal conflicts of motives, self-development in its pure form does not require violence against oneself. -

Training

Motivation is the most important link in the educational process for the educational activities of students and school children. Properly designed objectives and clearly defined goals of the activity make the educational process more meaningful and enable students to achieve better results. Childhood and adolescence rarely have voluntary motivation to learn. Therefore, teachers and psychologists have developed several methods to create the burden of knowledge among students. Educational motivation is often developed using the following methods:

1) Creating situations that attract and interest students. These can be fascinating experiences, instructive stories based on life examples, unusual facts and more.

2) Comparative analysis of scientific terms and their everyday interpretation.

3) Building cognitive discussion, simulating scientific controversies.

4) A joyous experience of achievement and a positive evaluation of success.

5) Giving news facts.

6) Update training materials

7) Use of positive and negative motivation.

8) social causes.

 

Self Motivation

Motivation is called personal methods of motivation that are based on a certain person's inner beliefs: aspirations and desires, determination and consistency, determination and continuity. When a person continues to move towards his or her goal in spite of external obstacles, it is an expression of self-motivation. There are several ways to develop self-motivation:

1) Affirmations are specially selected positive statements that have a subconscious influence on a person.

2) Self-hypnosis is an individual's independent influence on the mental field, which aims to create new patterns of behavior.

3) Study of autobiographies of prominent personalities. It works on the principle "If he can, I can."

4) Development of voluntary skills.

5) Visualization is the experience of a mental representation and the results achieved.

The Conclusion:-

Today we come to know what is motivation and what are its components. As you can see, motivation is a broad concept, which is formed under the influence of many factors. And everybody needs it, because human nature is structured in a way that always rejects development, for a peaceful life. Therefore, it is worth studying the formation of motivation to be the master of your body and mind and not static. -